An online music store is an online business which sells audio files, usually music, on a per-song and/or subscription basis. It may be differentiated from music streaming services in that the music store offers the actual music file, while streaming services offer partial or full listening without actually owning the source file. However, music stores generally offer partial streaming previews, some even with full length.

The Internet's first free high fidelity online music archive of downloadable songs was the Internet Underground Music Archive. IUMA was started by Rob Lord, Jeff Patterson and Jon Luini from the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1993.

In 1998, Miami entrepreneur Ivan J. Parron, president of successful web development company Internet Marketing Consultants, Inc., founded and launched Ritmoteca.com as one of the early online music store business models. It allowed visitors to visually search through a jukebox-style catalog of over 300,000 songs organized by albums, listen to a :30 music clip or music video and purchase the MP3 format download. It sold single songs for $.99 and entire album downloads for $9.99. The company's revolutionary graphical user interface opened the door to signing distribution deals with Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, Bertelsmann Music Group and Warner Music Group. These agreements gave the company online digital distribution rights for artists such as U2, Madonna (entertainer), Britney Spears, Enrique Iglesias and Jay-Z. The company concept had originally been for the consumer to download an Mp3 and burn it onto a CD. However, early MP3 players from companies like Creative Labs began to appear.